Malignant Tumors
Benign Tumors
A benign tumor that projects from an epithelial surface is called a polyp or papilloma. Most benign tumors are named by adding the suffux -oma to the prefix that designates the cell of origin. Benign tumors have a slow growth rate, grow through expansion, remain localized and the cells are well differentiated. Usually a benign tumor can be completely removed surgically, most of the time without difficulty. (Crowley, 2014)
The term cancer is used to indicate any type of malignant tumor. Malignant tumors are classified as 1) carcinomas, 2) sarcomas, or 3) leukemias. Malignant tumors have a rapid growth rate, grow through infiltration, and spread through meatstasis by bloodstream and lymphatics, and have poorly differentiated cells. Malignant tumors may be treated through surgery, radiotherapy, hormones and chemotherapy.
(Crowley, 2014)
Multiple myeloma is a neoplasm arising from plasma cells within the bone marrow. Multiple myeloma often resembles leukemia but is normally confined to the bone marrow. In multiple myeloma, neoplastic cells produce large amounts of protein and blood viscosity. Diagnosis can be made by testing the blood for the immunoglobulin IgG. Survival rates of multiple myeloma are approxiamtely 33%. (Crowley, 2014)
Leukemia refers to a neoplasm of hematopioetic tissue. Leukemic cells diffusely infiltrate the bone marrow and lymphoid tissues, spill over into the bloodstream and infiltrate throughout various organs of the body. Anemia is often a side effect of leukemia as the result of inadequate red blood cell production, bleeding caused by thrombocytopenia, and infection resulting from inadequate numbers of white blood cells. Some patients may be sucessfully treated with chemotherapy or by bone marrow transplantation.
(Crowley, 2014)
Multiple Myeloma
Leukemia
Tumors
A neoplasm is an overgrowth of cells that serves no useful purpose. Neoplams appear to not be subject to the control mechanisms that normally regulate cell growth and differentiation. Neoplasm and tumor have essentially the same meaning and may be used interchangably. The two large classes of neoplasms are benign and malignant tumors.
Common prefixes used to name tumors:
Adeno- Gland Hemangio- Blood Vessels Myo- Muscle
Angio- Vessels Lymphangio- Lymph Vessels Neuro- Nerve
Chondro- Cartilage Lipo- Fat Osteo- Bone
Fibro- Fibrous tissue (Crowley, 2014)